Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are research-supported approaches to counseling / psychotherapy with distinct advantages. This page describes the advantages of CBT as well as citations of various research studies supporting CBT.
Advantages
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are very instructive. When clients / patients understand how to counsel themselves rationally, they have confidence that they will continue to do well. For this reason, cognitive-behavioral therapists teach their clients rational self-counseling skills.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are shorter-term. The average number of sessions that people spend in cognitive-behavioral therapy, across the various approaches to CBT and problems, is 16. There are those people who require more sessions (sometimes many more), but the average is 16 sessions.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies emphasize getting better, rather than feeling better. By correcting problematic underlying assumptions, CBT creates long-term results since the cause of the problem is corrected.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are cross-cultural.They are based on universal laws of human behavior. They also focus on the client’s goals, rather than attempting to impose the therapist’s goals on the client.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are structured. The structured nature of therapy sessions very much reduces the possibility that sessions will become “chat sessions” in which not much is accomplished therapeutically.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies can be researched. Because there are clearly defined goals and clearly defined techniques, CBT can be examined with scientific research.
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies are adaptive. The fundamental principle of CBT is that thoughts (cognitions) cause our feelings and behaviors.
ADULTS
Depression
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Gloaguen, V., Cottraux, J., Cucherat, M., & Blackburn, I. (1998). A meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 49, 59-72.
Geriatric Depression
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Relapse Prevention for Depression
Fava G.A., Rafanelli C., Grandi S., et al. (1998). Prevention of recurrent depression with cognitive behavioral therapy. Preliminary findings. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 55:816–20.
Paykel, E.S., Scott, J., Teasdale, J., Johnson, A.L. et al. (1999). Prevention of Relapse in Residual Depression by Cognitive Therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 56:829-835.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Gould, R. A., Otto, M. W., Pollack, M. H., & Yap, L. (1997). Cognitive behavioral and pharmacological treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary meta-analysis. Behavior Therapy, 28, 285-305.
Panic Disorder
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Gould, R. A., Otto, M. W., & Pollack, M. H. (1995). A meta-analysis of treatment outcome for panic disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 15(8), 819-844.
Agoraphobia and Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Oei, T. P. S., Llamas, M., & Devilly, G. J. (1999). The efficacy and cognitive processes of cognitive behaviour therapy in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 27, 63-88.
Social Anxiety / Social Phobia
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Gould, R. A., Buckminster, S., Pollack, M. H., Otto, M.W., & Yap, L. (1997). Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatment for social phobia: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 4, 291-306.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Trauma)
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2005). CG26 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Information for the public. Retrieved from: http://www.nice.org.uk/download.aspx?o=CG026publicinfo&template=download.aspx.
Withdrawal from Anti-Anxiety Medications
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Dental Phobia
Berggren, U. (2001) Long-Term Management of the Fearful Adult Patient Using Behavior Modification and Other Modalities. Journal of Dental Education. 65:12.
Bipolar Disorder
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Lam D.H., Watkins E.R., Hayward P., Bright J., et al. (2003) A randomized controlled study of cognitive therapy for relapse prevention for bipolar affective disorder: outcome of the first year. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 60(2):145-52.
Binge-eating disorder
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Bulimia
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Anorexia
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Roth A.D., Fonagy P. (1996). What Works for Whom? A Critical Review of Psychotherapy Research. New York: Guilford.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (extreme dissatisfaction with body image)
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Somatization Disorder
Allen, L.A., Woolfolk, R.L., Escobar, J.I., Gara, M.A., et al. (2006) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy For Somatization Disorder. Arch Intern Med. 166:1512-1518.
Cocaine abuse (CBT relapse prevention is effective)
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Opiate Dependence
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Smoking Cessation (Group CBT is effective, as well as CBT that has multiple treatment components, in combination with relapse prevention)
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Marital discord
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Dunn, R. L., & Schwebel, A. I. (1995). Meta-analytic review of marital therapy outcome research. Journal of Family Psychology, 9, 58-68.
Anger
Beck, R., & Fernandez, E. (1998). Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of anger: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 63-74.
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Brown, G.K., Newman, C.F., Charlesworth, S.E., Crits-Christoph, P. & Beck, A.T. (2004). An open clinical trial of cognitive therapy for borderline personality disorder. Journal of personality disorders, 18(3): 257-271.
Giesen-Bloo, J., van Dyck, R., Spinhoven, P., van Tilburg, W., et al. (2006). Outpatient Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: Randomized Trial of Schema-Focused Therapy vs Transference-Focused Psychotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 63:601.
Atypical sexual practices/sex offenders
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Nagayama Hall, G. C. (1995). Sexual offender recidivism revisited: A meta-analysis of recent treatment studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(5), 802-809.
Medically related disorders:
Chronic pain (CBT, in combination with physical therapy, is effective for chronic pain in many medical conditions)
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Morley, S., Eccleston, C., & Williams, A. (1999). Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of cognitive behaviour therapy and behaviour therapy for chronic pain in adults, excluding headache. Pain, 80, 1-13.
Chronic back pain
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Fatigue and functional impairments among cancer survivors
Marieke F.M. Gielissen, Stans Verhagen, Fred Witjes, Gijs Bleijenberg. (2006). Effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Severely Fatigued Disease-Free Cancer Patients Compared With Patients Waiting for Cognitive Behavior Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 24(30): 4882-48
Sickle cell disease pain (CBT that has multiple treatment components is effective)
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Physical complaints not explained by a medical condition (Somatoform disorders)
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Irritable-bowel syndrome
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Obesity (CBT is effective in combination with hypnosis)
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Asthma with Coexisting Panic Disorder (in combination with asthma education)
Ross, C.J.M., Davis, T.M.A., Macdonald, G.F. (2005). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Combined With Asthma Education for Adults With Asthma and Coexisting Panic Disorder. Clinical Nursing Research. 14(2): 131-157.
Rheumatic disease pain (CBT that has multiple treatment components is effective)
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Temporomandibular Disorder pain
Turner, J.A., Mancl, L., & Aaron, L.A. (2006). Short- and long-term efficacy of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder pain: A randomized, controlled trial. Pain. Feb 20.
Erectile dysfunction (CBT is effective for reducing sexual anxiety and improving communication)
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Infertility (anovulation)
Berga, S. (Unpublished data). CBT can restore ovulation in infertile women. Presented at the 22nd annual conference of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, June 20, 2006.
Sleep disorders
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Geriatric sleep disorders
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Insomnia
Chesson, A.L. Jr., Anderson, W. M., Littner, M., Davila, D., Hartse, K., Johnson, S., Wise, M. & Rafecas, J. (1999). Practice Parameters for the Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia. SLEEP, 22(8), 1128-1133.
Morin, C.M., Colecchi, C., Stone, J., Sood, R., Brink, D. (1999). Behavioral and Pharmacological Therapies for Late-Life Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA, 281(11), 991-999.
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Prins J.B., Bleijenberg G., Bazelmans E., Elving L.D., et al. (2001). Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 357(9259):841-7.
Geriatric Anxiety
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Schizophrenia (in combination with medication)
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Rector, N. A., & Beck, A. T. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: An empirical review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 278-287.
Dissociative Disorders
Nathan, P. E., & Gorman, J. M. (2002). A Guide To Treatments That Work, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Suicide attempts
Brown, G.K., Have, T. T., Henriques, G.R., Xic, S.X., Hollander, J.E., & Beck, A.T. (2005). Cognitive Therapy for the Prevention of Suicide Attempts: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA, 294, (5).
Substance/alcohol abuse
Anton, R.F., Moak, D.H., Latham, P., Waid, L.R. et al. (2005). Naltrexone combined with either cognitive behavioral or motivational enhancement therapy for alcohol dependence. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 25(4): 349-57.
Baker, A., Bucci, S., Lewin, T.J., Kay-Lambkin, F. et al. (2006). Cognitive-behavioural therapy for substance use disorders in people with psychotic disorders: Randomised controlled trial. Br J. Psychiatry. 188:439-48.
Baker, A., Lee, N.K., Claire, M., Lewin, T.J. et al. (2005). Brief cognitive behavioural interventions for regular amphetamine users: a step in the right direction. Addiction. 100(3):367-78.
Feeney, G.F., Connor, J.P., Young, R.M., Tucker, J. et al. (2004). Alcohol dependence: the impact of cognitive behaviour therapy with or without naltrexone on subjective health status. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 38(10):842-8.
Attention deficit disorder
Hinswaw S.P., Henker B., Whalen C.K. (1984). Self-control in Hyperactive Boys in Anger-Inducing Situations: Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Training and Methylphenidate. J Abnorm Child Psychol. (12): 55-77
Caregiver distress
Secker, D.L., & Brown, R.G. (2005). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for carers of patients with Parkinson’s disease: a preliminary randomised controlled trial. J. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 76(4):491-7.
Habit disorders
O’Connor, K.P., Brault, M., Robillard, S., Loiselle, J. et al. (2001). Evaluation of a cognitive-behavioural program for the management of chronic tic and habit disorders. Behav Res Ther. 39(6):667-81.
Migraine headaches
Blanchard, E.B., Appelbaum, K.A., Nicholson, N.L., Radnitz, C.L., et al. (1990). A controlled evaluation of the addition of cognitive therapy to a home-based biofeedback and relaxation treatment of vascular headache. Headache. 30(6)371-6.
Martin, P.R., Nathan, P.R., Milech, D., & van Keppel, M. (1989). Cognitive therapy vs. self-management training in the treatment of chronic headaches. Br J Clin Psychol. 28(Pt 4): 347-61.
Non-cardiac chest pain
Mayou, R.A., Bryant, B.M., Sanders, D., Bass, C. et al. (1997). A controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy for non-cardiac chest pain. Psychol Med. 27(5): 1021-31.
Van Peski-Oosterbaan, A.S., Spinhoven, P., Van der Does A.J., Bruschke, A.V., et al. (1999). Cognitive change following cognitive behavioural therapy for non-cardiac chest pain. Psychother Psychosom. 68(4):214-20.
Cancer pain
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Pain relating to a disease that has no known cause (Idiopathic pain)
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Hypochondriasis, or the unsubstantiated belief that one has a serious medical condition
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Chronic pain
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Hypertension (CBT is effective as an adjunctive treatment)
Shapiro D., Hui K.K., Oakley M.E., et al. (1997). Reduction in drug requirements for hypertension by means of a cognitive-behavioral intervention. Am J Hypertens. 10:9–17.
Fibromyalgia
Edinger, J.D., Wohlgemuth, W.K., Krystal, A.D., Rice, J.R. (2005). Behavioral Insomnia Therapy for Fibromyalgia Patients. Arch Intern Med. 165:2527-2535.
Goldenberg, D.L., Burckhardt, C, Crofford, L. (2004). Management of Fibromyalgia Syndrome. JAMA. 292:2388-2395.
Colitis
Mussell, M., Bocker, U., Nagel, N., Olbrich, R., et al. (2003). Reducing psychological distress in patients with inflammatory bowel disease by cognitive-behavioural treatment: exploratory study of effectiveness. Scand J Gastroenterol. 38(7):755-62.
Gulf War Syndrome
Donta, S.T., Clauw, D.J., Engel, C.C. Jr., Guarino, P., et al. (2003). Cognitive behavioural therapy and aerobic exercise for Gulf War veterans’ illnesses: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 289(11):1396-404.
Tinnitus
Andersson, G., Stromgren, T., Strom, L., & Lyttkens, L. (2002). Randomized Controlled Trial of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Distress Associated with Tinnitus. Psychosomatic Medicine. 64: 810–816.
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Depression
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Grossman, P. B., & Hughes, J. N. (1992). Self-control interventions with internalizing disorders: A review and analysis. School Psychology Review, 21(2), 229-245.
Reinecke, M. A., Ryan, N. E., DuBois, D. L. (1998). Cognitive-behavioral therapy of depression and depressive symptoms during adolescence: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(1), 26-34.
Anxiety disorders
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Grossman, P. B., & Hughes, J. N. (1992). Self-control interventions with internalizing disorders: A review and analysis. School Psychology Review, 21(2), 229-245.
Separation anxiety
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Avoidant disorder
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Overanxious disorder
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
March, J.S. (1995). Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents with OCD: A Review and Recommendations for Treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 34(1):7-18.
O’Kearney RT, Anstey KJ, von Sanden C. (2006). Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents (Review). The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4.
Phobias
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Cohen J.A., Deblinger E., Mannarino A.P., Steer R. (2004), A multi-site randomized controlled trial for multiply traumatized children with sexual abuse-related PTSD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43(4):393-402.
Deblinger E., Stauffer L.B., Steer R.A. (2001). Comparative efficacies of supportive and cognitive behavioral group therapies for young children who have been sexually abused and their non-offending mothers. Child Maltreatment, 6: 332-343.
Conduct disorder
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Distress due to medical procedures
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Recurrent abdominal pain
Chambless, Diane L., Ollendick, & Thomas H. (2001). “Empirically Supported Psychological Interventions: Controversies and Evidence.” Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:685-716.
Physical complaints not explained by a medical condition
Butler, A.C., Chapman, J.E., Forman, E.M., & Beck, A.T. (2006). The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(1), 17-31.
Grossman, P. B., & Hughes, J. N. (1992). Self-control interventions with internalizing disorders: A review and analysis. School Psychology Review, 21(2), 229-245.
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